Impact of pilot public hospital reform on efficiencies: a DEA analysis of county hospitals in East China, 2009–2015

Table 1 Summary of Hospital and County characteristics (before Propensity score matching specification)

Variable (Observations = 5243)	Mean	S.D.	Median	Min	Max
Input and Output in Efficiency Measurement
The number of health care professionals	434.48	332.27	340	10	2895
The number of beds	375.87	304.59	290	0	2600
The number of outpatient visits	275.06	268.21	195	0.33	2876.23
The number of inpatient days	125.47	112.49	90.37	0	948.87
Health care utilization
Average length of stay	8.16	2.64	7.88	0	51.18
Bed use rate	0.88	0.23	0.93	0	2.91
Hospital characteristics
Type (Dummy, general hospital or not) (%)	0.58
Tertiary hospital (%)	0.05
Secondary hospital (%)	0.88
Primary healthcare facilities (%)	0.07
County characteristics
GDP	264.61	294.55	173.79	10.91	3080.02
Population	64.37	37.46	57.42	4.4	198.64
GDP per capita	3.93	2.57	3.31	0.45	18.57
Government revenue	18.8	23.01	11.04	0	284.76
Government expenditure	30.16	23.39	23.88	2.71	255.36
Services industry proportion (%)	0.34	0.07	0.34	0.12	0.61
The number of beds in healthcare institution	31.7	12.89	29.37	6.91	130.53
Share of Education Enrollment in Population (‱)	8.03	5.08	6.71	0.28	32.15

Notes: 1) Input and Output in Efficiency Measurement: The number of health care professionals stands for the proxy of full-time equivalents, including physicians, nurses, medical technicians, and other health care professionals. The number of Outpatient visits is the number of emergency and outpatient visits (1,000 people). The number of inpatient days is the total number of days during which patients receive medical services at the hospital.2) County characteristics include GDP per capita (0.1 billion RMB units); Population, regional permanent population (10,000 people); GDPPC, GDP per capita (10,000 RMB); Government revenue and expenditure (0.1 billion RMB); The output in the services industry as a share of GDP; The number of beds in healthcare institutions in population (10, 000); The share of Secondary school and primary school enrollment in regional permanent population (10, 000)

ISSN: 2191-1991